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How Teeth Move: The Biological Mechanism Of Orthodontics

Aus Kössler Lehrerlexikon




The repositioning of teeth during orthodontic treatment is governed by the body’s innate capacity to reshape jawbone



Applying steady, mild force via brackets or removable aligners triggers a biological reaction in the adjacent bone



Where compressive forces act, osteoclasts—bone-resorbing cells—dissolve mineralized matrix



This process, known as bone resorption, creates space for the tooth to move



On the opposite side, where tension is created, another type of cell called osteoblasts builds new bone to fill in the gap



This continuous cycle of breakdown and rebuilding allows teeth to shift gradually into their desired positions over time



The periodontal ligament serves as a critical mediator of orthodontic force transmission



It consists of collagenous fibers that suspend the tooth within its bony socket



Mechanical stress induces differential tension and compression within the ligament, prompting cellular communication that initiates bone adaptation



The biological nature of bone adaptation necessitates a gradual timeline, often spanning 12 to 36 months



Orthodontic professionals tailor force levels individually to avoid iatrogenic harm while maximizing efficiency



A patient’s hormonal profile and inherited traits significantly affect the rate of dental migration



Children and adolescents typically exhibit accelerated tooth movement due to higher bone turnover and greater plasticity



Nutrition plays a role too



A diet rich in calcium, 鐘ヶ淵 歯科矯正 vitamin D, and protein supports healthy bone turnover



Tobacco use and systemic diseases such as diabetes impair microcirculation and delay tissue repair



Advances in materials and digital planning have enhanced treatment efficacy, yet the core biological principles remain unchanged



Different appliances serve as delivery systems, but all aim to generate precise biomechanical stimuli for safe tooth movement



When patients comprehend the natural timeline of bone remodeling, they’re more likely to commit to the process and achieve lasting results